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Canvas Clock

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Part IV - Draw Clock Hands

The clock needs hands. Create a JavaScript function to draw clock hands:

JavaScript:

function drawClock() {
    drawFace(ctx, radius);
    drawNumbers(ctx, radius);
    drawTime(ctx, radius);
}

function drawTime(ctx, radius){
    var now = new Date();
    var hour = now.getHours();
    var minute = now.getMinutes();
    var second = now.getSeconds();
    //hour
    hour=hour%12;
    hour=(hour*Math.PI/6)+(minute*Math.PI/(6*60))+(second*Math.PI/(360*60));
    drawHand(ctx, hour, radius*0.5, radius*0.07);
    //minute
    minute=(minute*Math.PI/30)+(second*Math.PI/(30*60));
    drawHand(ctx, minute, radius*0.8, radius*0.07);
    // second
    second=(second*Math.PI/30);
    drawHand(ctx, second, radius*0.9, radius*0.02);
}

function drawHand(ctx, pos, length, width) {
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.lineWidth = width;
    ctx.lineCap = "round";
    ctx.moveTo(0,0);
    ctx.rotate(pos);
    ctx.lineTo(0, -length);
    ctx.stroke();
    ctx.rotate(-pos);
}

Try it Yourself »

Example Explained

Use Date to get hour, minute, second:

var now = new Date();
var hour = now.getHours();
var minute = now.getMinutes();
var second = now.getSeconds();

Calculate the angle of the hour hand, and draw it a length (50% of radius), and a width (7% of radius):

hour=hour%12;
hour=(hour*Math.PI/6)+(minute*Math.PI/(6*60))+(second*Math.PI/(360*60));
drawHand(ctx, hour, radius*0.5, radius*0.07);

Use the same technic for minutes and seconds.

The drawHand() routine does not need an explanation. It just draws a line with a given length and width.

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